Pakistan: Research and development expenditure
| Pakistan |
Research and development expenditure, percent of GDP |
|---|---|
| Dernière valeur | 0.16 |
| Year | 2023 |
| Mesure | pour cent |
| Data availability | 1997 - 2023 |
| Average | 0.22 |
| Min - Max | 0.10 - 0.52 |
| La source | The United Nations |
| Available for | Data download |
Pour cet indicateur, The United Nations fournit des données pour la Pakistan de 1997 à 2023. La valeur moyenne pour Pakistan pendant cette période était de 0.22 pour cent avec un minimum de 0.1 pour cent en 2000 et un maximum de 0.52 pour cent en 2007.
Global rankings for that indicator are available here.
You can compare trends over time here.
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* indicates monthly or quarterly data series
| Recent values | Pakistan: Research and development expenditure |
|---|---|
| 2023 | 0.16 |
| 2021 | 0.16 |
| 2019 | 0.17 |
| 2017 | 0.21 |
| 2015 | 0.22 |
| 2013 | 0.26 |
| 2011 | 0.30 |
| 2009 | 0.40 |
Définition: Gross domestic expenditures on research and development (R&D), expressed as a percent of GDP. They include both capital and current expenditures in the four main sectors: Business enterprise, Government, Higher education and Private non-profit. R&D covers basic research, applied research, and experimental development.
| Related indicators | Latest value related | Référence | Mesure |
|---|---|---|---|
| Innovation index | 22.10 | 2025 | points |
| Research and development expenditure | 0.16 | 2023 | pour cent |
| Information technology exports | 0.06 | 2024 | pour cent |
| High tech exports | 535.22 | 2024 | million U.S. dollars |
| High tech exports, percent of manufactured exports | 2.44 | 2024 | pour cent |
| Patent applications by residents | 426 | 2021 | patent applications |